建設高質量中醫藥服務體系
來源:大河網 作者:杜本峰 郝昕 時間:2022-7-26 閱讀:
黨的十八(ba)大以來,中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥服(fu)務(wu)體系建設取得顯(xian)著成績(ji),為新冠(guan)肺炎疫(yi)情防控、健(jian)康(kang)(kang)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)建設和經濟(ji)社會(hui)發展貢獻(xian)了中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥智(zhi)慧和力量。進入新發展階段,更要找準中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥在健(jian)康(kang)(kang)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)建設中(zhong)(zhong)的切入點和著力點,落實習近平(ping)總書記關于健(jian)康(kang)(kang)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)重要論述,堅持傳承精華、守正創新,聚焦建設高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥服(fu)務(wu)體系,著力中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥特色(se)與(yu)內涵發展、轉型(xing)與(yu)融(rong)合(he)發展,推動中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥事業(ye)和產(chan)業(ye)高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)量發展,全面推進健(jian)康(kang)(kang)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)建設。
建(jian)設高質量中醫藥服務(wu)體系面(mian)臨的機(ji)遇
中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)事(shi)業發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)在(zai)(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)戰略的帶動下進入嶄新發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)期(qi)。《中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人民共和國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)法》實施(shi),為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)事(shi)業發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)提供(gong)了(le)(le)堅強保障(zhang)(zhang)。隨著《中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)戰略規劃綱要(2016—2030年)》的發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)布,更(geng)是為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)未來發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)指明了(le)(le)方向。作為(wei)健(jian)康中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)建設中(zhong)(zhong)不可或(huo)缺的一部分,《健(jian)康中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)2030規劃綱要》中(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)次提及中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)事(shi)業在(zai)(zai)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)衛生健(jian)康事(shi)業發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)的獨特優勢(shi),并啟動了(le)(le)“治未病(bing)”健(jian)康工(gong)程,為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)事(shi)業快速發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)提供(gong)了(le)(le)制度保障(zhang)(zhang)。
健(jian)康(kang)服(fu)務(wu)需(xu)求拓(tuo)寬了中(zhong)醫藥服(fu)務(wu)領域。世界(jie)衛生(sheng)組織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)一項全球性(xing)(xing)調查結果指出,全世界(jie)范圍(wei)內(nei)真正健(jian)康(kang)的(de)(de)(de)人僅占(zhan)(zhan)5%,患病(bing)的(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)20%,其余75%的(de)(de)(de)人則處于(yu)亞(ya)健(jian)康(kang)狀態。《黃帝內(nei)經》已(yi)有“不治已(yi)病(bing)治未病(bing)”思想,這個“未病(bing)”就是機體一定程度上已(yi)經有了的(de)(de)(de)陰陽失衡、氣血(xue)失常(chang)、臟腑功能失調等問題,但又沒(mei)有進入真正的(de)(de)(de)疾病(bing)病(bing)理(li)狀態,屬于(yu)亞(ya)健(jian)康(kang)。中(zhong)醫藥以其獨特的(de)(de)(de)優勢在(zai)亞(ya)健(jian)康(kang)調節、慢性(xing)(xing)病(bing)治療(liao)等方面發揮更大作用,為中(zhong)醫事(shi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發展提供了廣(guang)闊的(de)(de)(de)空間。
“一(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)路(lu)”推動中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)走(zou)向國(guo)際化(hua)、全(quan)球(qiu)化(hua)。自“一(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)路(lu)”倡議提出以來,中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)與(yu)沿(yan)線(xian)國(guo)家的(de)(de)合(he)作交流項(xiang)目穩步推進,這是中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)走(zou)向世界(jie)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)機(ji)遇,對中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)產業的(de)(de)發展(zhan)具有良好的(de)(de)促進作用,我國(guo)與(yu)沿(yan)線(xian)國(guo)家和組織簽署了(le)(le)一(yi)系列合(he)作協議、共建了(le)(le)一(yi)批研究(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)心、開(kai)辦了(le)(le)一(yi)批中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)院(yuan)校(xiao),為中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)事業迎來了(le)(le)更深層(ceng)次(ci)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)契機(ji)。
新時代中(zhong)醫藥事業(ye)發(fa)展面臨的挑戰
中醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥質量(liang)評價標準(zhun)和(he)體系不健全。中醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥源(yuan)于經驗(yan)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學,缺(que)乏(fa)全產(chan)業鏈系統性標準(zhun)體系,同時,中醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥材生產(chan)水平還(huan)存在標準(zhun)不高、新技(ji)術新方法推廣程度較(jiao)低、科(ke)技(ji)水平滯(zhi)后等問題(ti),造成中藥材粗放的生產(chan)加工模式,導致中藥材藥性減(jian)退,進而影響中醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥的治(zhi)療效果。
中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥人才培(pei)(pei)養(yang)質量(liang)急需(xu)(xu)加強。目(mu)前(qian),中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)教育規模(mo)和培(pei)(pei)養(yang)模(mo)式(shi)還沒有(you)完全適應中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥發展的(de)自身規律(lv)和客觀需(xu)(xu)要(yao),中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥專(zhuan)業的(de)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)方式(shi)西醫(yi)化明顯(xian),簡單套(tao)用西醫(yi)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)模(mo)式(shi),多年以(yi)來難(nan)以(yi)出現(xian)張仲景式(shi)的(de)名醫(yi)大家。“課本式(shi)”教育方法背離了中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)的(de)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)規律(lv),與臨床實踐(jian)脫離,“產(chan)學研用”模(mo)式(shi)不(bu)能(neng)充(chong)分利用,中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)技藝手(shou)法傳(chuan)承不(bu)足(zu),中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)臨床學科優勢不(bu)明顯(xian),創新能(neng)力較低,導致中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥理論多年來沒有(you)取得突破性進展。
中醫藥市(shi)場(chang)規范化程度(du)低(di)。健康已成(cheng)為一種(zhong)消費(fei)需求,中醫藥在(zai)健康養生(sheng)保(bao)健方面的獨特優勢(shi)使(shi)其備受推崇(chong),但還存在(zai)養生(sheng)保(bao)健市(shi)場(chang)虛假宣傳、不法行醫、售(shou)賣(mai)虛假等現象,亟(ji)須(xu)健全監督(du)措施和市(shi)場(chang)體系。
建(jian)設(she)高質(zhi)量中醫藥服務體(ti)系(xi)的路徑選擇
中醫藥(yao)(yao)學(xue)的獨特性是(shi)它不僅具(ju)(ju)有醫學(xue)性質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)自(zi)然科學(xue)屬性,而且具(ju)(ju)有文(wen)化和(he)哲學(xue)性質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及人文(wen)社會(hui)科學(xue)屬性,體(ti)現(xian)東方文(wen)化的底蘊和(he)思維。中醫藥(yao)(yao)學(xue)本質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特征是(shi)從整體(ti)、功能、運動變化的角度來把握生(sheng)命的規律和(he)疾病(bing)的演(yan)變;在實踐中注重以人為本、三(san)因制宜、整體(ti)調節(jie),體(ti)現(xian)為個性化辨證論治,天(tian)然化的用藥(yao)(yao),因此建設(she)高質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量中醫藥(yao)(yao)服(fu)務體(ti)系(xi)對推動中醫藥(yao)(yao)振興、構(gou)建新發展(zhan)格局、貫徹新發展(zhan)理(li)念、促進中醫藥(yao)(yao)文(wen)化創新性發展(zhan)具(ju)(ju)有重要(yao)的現(xian)實意(yi)義(yi)。
完(wan)善(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)標準體(ti)系,推(tui)(tui)(tui)動中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)事(shi)業(ye)產業(ye)融(rong)(rong)合(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。習近平總(zong)書記強調,要(yao)深入發(fa)(fa)(fa)掘(jue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)寶庫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的精華,推(tui)(tui)(tui)進產學研(yan)一體(ti)化(hua),推(tui)(tui)(tui)進中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)產業(ye)化(hua)、現(xian)代化(hua),讓中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)走向世界。完(wan)善(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)標準體(ti)系,深入實施中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)標準化(hua)工(gong)程,推(tui)(tui)(tui)進與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)特(te)點相(xiang)適應的標準化(hua)管理,促進中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)特(te)色(se)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、內涵發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、轉型發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、融(rong)(rong)合(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan),持續推(tui)(tui)(tui)動中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)事(shi)業(ye)和產業(ye)高質(zhi)量發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。
加強中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)人才(cai)隊伍建(jian)設,筑牢傳承(cheng)基石,形成中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)人才(cai)培(pei)養的(de)(de)全方位全周期(qi)覆(fu)蓋。遵循(xun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)特(te)點,持續推進(jin)(jin)(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)人才(cai)培(pei)養體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)優化(hua),構建(jian)起院校(xiao)教育、繼續教育、師承(cheng)教育、網絡教育和終生(sheng)教育貫穿于全生(sheng)命周期(qi)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)教育體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。推動(dong)名(ming)老中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學術思想(xiang)的(de)(de)傳承(cheng)與研究,深入(ru)(ru)挖掘名(ming)老中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)寶貴經(jing)驗,豐富(fu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)知識理論體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)內(nei)容(rong),做(zuo)到(dao)“古為今(jin)用”,推動(dong)校(xiao)地、校(xiao)企(qi)合作,加強產學研協(xie)調(diao)創(chuang)新,加大中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)青年段(duan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)人才(cai)的(de)(de)培(pei)養力度,找準(zhun)基層(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)人才(cai)的(de)(de)培(pei)養方向(xiang),發揮(hui)好高層(ceng)次人才(cai)在(zai)隊伍建(jian)設中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)“領頭雁(yan)”作用,切實加強中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)人才(cai)隊伍建(jian)設,推進(jin)(jin)(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)國家創(chuang)新體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。
加大(da)財政(zheng)支持,健(jian)全中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥健(jian)康服務(wu)保障體系(xi)。完善(shan)相應法律法規,健(jian)全監(jian)管和評(ping)價體系(xi),構(gou)建一(yi)套既(ji)具有健(jian)康服務(wu)效果又(you)蘊含(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)特(te)色的(de)科學評(ping)價體系(xi)。夯實中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥發(fa)展的(de)物質基礎,在重大(da)公共(gong)衛(wei)生事件時能夠(gou)及時、有效應對。加大(da)政(zheng)府(fu)對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥行業發(fa)展的(de)投入力度,創新中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥管理模(mo)式,規范市(shi)場行為。
構(gou)建(jian)(jian)中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)特色疾病(bing)預防(fang)治(zhi)療(liao)及(ji)康復的健(jian)康服(fu)(fu)務體(ti)(ti)(ti)系。加(jia)大對中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)健(jian)康服(fu)(fu)務體(ti)(ti)(ti)系的政策支(zhi)持方式,支(zhi)持建(jian)(jian)設以國(guo)家中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)中(zhong)心(xin)、區(qu)域中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)中(zhong)心(xin)為(wei)龍頭,各(ge)級各(ge)類中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)機(ji)構(gou)和(he)其他醫(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)機(ji)構(gou)中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)科室為(wei)骨(gu)干,基層醫(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)衛生機(ji)構(gou)為(wei)基礎(chu),融預防(fang)保健(jian)、疾病(bing)治(zhi)療(liao)和(he)康復為(wei)一體(ti)(ti)(ti)的中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)服(fu)(fu)務體(ti)(ti)(ti)系,開展中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)聯體(ti)(ti)(ti)建(jian)(jian)設,持續(xu)支(zhi)持以縣級中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)為(wei)重(zhong)點的基層中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)建(jian)(jian)設,推動中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)優質服(fu)(fu)務下(xia)沉,為(wei)居民提供精準(zhun)的各(ge)項健(jian)康服(fu)(fu)務。打造(zao)一批(pi)國(guo)家中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)傳承創新中(zhong)心(xin)。
構(gou)筑“互(hu)(hu)聯網(wang)+中醫藥”健(jian)(jian)康服務體(ti)系(xi)。創新“互(hu)(hu)聯網(wang)+中醫藥”健(jian)(jian)康服務體(ti)系(xi),加速具(ju)有中醫藥特(te)色的健(jian)(jian)康管理智能化開發與應(ying)用,聚集(ji)分(fen)散資源(yuan),推動數據資源(yuan)共享,提高大(da)數據在(zai)中醫藥行(xing)業(ye)的應(ying)用程度,充分(fen)展現中醫藥在(zai)健(jian)(jian)康干預、體(ti)質(zhi)辨識(shi)和中醫調治等方(fang)面的獨特(te)優勢。
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